1.
Effects Of Copper Sulphate Medication On Different Organs & Serum Copper Level In Broiler Chicks
by Azhar Saqib | Dr. Manzoor Ahmed Basra | Dr. Mubashar | Dr. Shakeel Akhtar Khan | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1993Dissertation note: The present work was planned to study the effects of copper sulphate medication in feed in broiler chicken. For this experiment 90 broiler chicks were reared under standard managemental conditions for 30 days. All the birds weze weighed and their weights were recorded. Then these were divided into three groups, i.e., Groups A, B and C, each group comprising of thirty chicks.
Group A was given 500 mg and Group B was given 1000 mg copper sulphate per kg of feed, for one week. At the end of the experimental period the birds were again weighed, blood of the birds was collected, the birds were slaughtered and the tissues were taken. The blood was subjected to serum-copper analysis and the tissues of Liver, Kidney, gizzard and intestine to histopathological changes.
Clinically the birds showed anorexia. There was increased water intake, severe depression and paralysis in mild case of poisoning. In severe case in addition to the above conditions there was loss of weight, blood stained diarrhoea, ruffled feathers and, the birds lethargy and anaemic. The most important, gross postmortem finding observed was fluid filled abdomen, and peritoneal hemorrhages. There were areas of etosion and necrosis throughout the length of the gastro-intestinai tract. The liver was pale in appearence, with a slight increase in the weight and fragile consistency. The kidneys exhibited severe inflammatory reaction in the form of congestion and swelling.
Histologically the liver showed vascular congestion, vacuolization due to fatty degeneration and leucocytic infiltration. The sinusoidal channels were reduced. In severe cases there was proliferation of fibroblasts. The hepatocytes showed margination of the chromatin material. In kidneys the renal epithélium was the most effected portion by necrosis and karyorrhexis. There was vascular congestion and leukocytic infiltration. The intestines and the gizzard both showed wide spread areas of necrosis and erosion with thickened lining showing fibrotic areas and the cells of the lining mucosa and sub-mucosa desquamated. The muscular layer of the gizzard showed dystrophy.
The weights of the birds were recorded at the age of 37 days before slaughtering. The results were analysed statistically. There was a significant decrease in the weights in groups A and B as compared to control group C. The serum- copper level was also estimated and analysed statistically. There was a significant increase in serum copper contents in Groups A and B, as compared with the Control Group C.
Little work has been reported on the effects of copper sulphate mediation on the different organs and serum-copper level, in Pakistan. The results of the present study has helped us to assess the effects of copper sulphate medication on different organs, serum-copper level and weight gain in broiler chicks.
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2.
Comparative Study On Pathology Of Hemic System Of Three Broiler Chicken Strains Suffering From Experimental
by Farrukh Hasan Zaidi | Dr. Shakil Akhtar Khan | Dr Mubashar | Dr. Shahzada Khurram Ashrrf | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1994Dissertation note: Three hundred day old broiler chicks of three different strains (one hundred of each strain) were obtained from the market. The strains were Hubbard (H) Lohmann (L) and Indian River (IR). The chicks of each strain was divided into two groups of equal number, which were further subdivided into two subgroups. The subgroups Al, A2 ; C1, C2 ; and El, E2 were kept as uninoculated control and subgroups B1, B2 ; Dl, D2 and Fl, F2 where inoculated with HPS antigen subcutanoously at the age of 21 days. The number of diseased chicks who died or slaughtered were counted. The maximum number of chicks showed HPS and died and slaughtered, i.e 66% belonged to H, followed by 30% which were JR and then the L which were 24%.
The haematologlcal values of all the broilers affected with lIPS were determined. In Hubbard strain the mean ±S.E of TEC was 2.02 ± 0.06 million percubic millimeters, TLC 12.57 ± 0.51 thousand per cubic millimeter, Thrombocyte count 28.60 ± 0.40 thousand per cubic millimeter, Hb content 6.51 ± 0.16, PCV 26.05 ± 0.58, ESR 3.63 ± 0.21. The thousand per cubic milimeter. The PLC were also determined which included lymphocytes 55.16 ± 0.54, monocytes 3.00 ± 0.32% heterophils 40.26 ± 0.39%, eosinphils 0.89 ±. 0.18% and basophils 0.68 ± 0.15.
In Lohznann strain the mean j S.Eof TEC was 2.14 ± 0.11 million per cubic millimeter, TLC 18.85 ± 0.2.4 thousand per cubic millimeter, Thrombocyte count 28.42 ± 0.53 thousand per cubic millimeter, Hb content 7.51 ± 0.21, PVC 27.14 ± 0.68, ESR 3.28 ± 0.28. The DLC were also determined which included lymphocytes 58.28 ± 0.82%, moaocytes 3.80 ± 0.31%, heterophils 36.00 ± 0.90%, eosinophils 1.14 ± 0.24% and basophils 0.7l ± 0.26.
In Indian River strain the mean ± S.E of TEC was 2.08 ± 0.07 million per cubic millimeter, TLC 16.10 ± 0.78 thousand per cubic millimeter, thrombocyte count 28.58 ± 0.53, Hb content 7.38 ± 0.15, PVC 26.8 t. 0.58, ESR 3.20 ± 0.24. The DLC were also determined which included lymphocytes 55.60 0.47%, monocytes 3.30 . 0.28, heterophils 39.30 ± 0.49%, eosinophils 0.90 .0.17 amd basophils 0.80 ±. 0.27.
Gross pathological lesions in the inoculated bizds were studied. The heart showed ballooning due to distention of pericardial sac with pericardial fluid. Other lesions Included haemorrhages on the epicardium and flabbiness of the mycordium .tJnder the microscope, degenerative changes in myocordial tissue were seen. Lesions in the spleen included splenomegaly and haemorraghic spots. Histopathologically there were degeneration, necrosis, and haemorrhages. Aorta showed flabbiness of the wall. The disruption of endothelium was also discerned.
Keeping in view all the above findings, It Is concluded that there is a marked difference in uaceptibility of HPS among three different commercial broiler strains and HPS also effects a lot on the hemic system of the broiler. The Hubbard broiler strain is more susceptible which is followed by the Indian River and Lohmann respectively.
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